Saturday, February 28, 2015

SCREWS AS SUMS OF SLIDERS

We know that the set of sliders do not form a vector space: the sum of two sliders is, in general, not a slider. In fact, we can show that a screw can be written in infinitely many ways as the sum of two sliders.
Consider a screw $\{ {\cal V} \}$ of non-zero resultant $\bf V$. Let $\{ {\cal S}_1 \}$ be a slider whose axis is not parallel to $\bf R$ and which satisfies $\{ {\cal S}_1 \} \cdot \{ {\cal V} \} \neq 0$. Then there exist a unique slider $\{ {\cal S}_2 \}$ and a unique scalar $\lambda$ such that \[ \{ {\cal V} \} = \lambda \{ {\cal S}_1 \}+ \{ {\cal S}_2 \} \]
Given $\{ {\cal S}_1 \}$ and a scalar $\lambda$, define the screw $\{ {\cal W} \} = \{ {\cal V} \} -\lambda \{ {\cal S}_1 \}$. Can a value of $\lambda$ be found such that $\{ {\cal W} \}$ defines a slider? The resultant of $\{ {\cal W} \}$ is non-zero since it is the sum of two non-collinear vectors. Hence a necessary and sufficient condition for $\{ {\cal W} \}$ to be a slider can be stated by imposing $\{ {\cal W} \}\cdot \{ {\cal W} \} =0$: \[ \{ {\cal V} \}\cdot \{ {\cal V} \} -2 \lambda \{ {\cal V} \}\cdot \{ {\cal S}_1 \}+ \lambda^2 \{ {\cal S}_1 \} \cdot \{ {\cal S}_1 \} =0 \] However, we have $\{ {\cal S}_1 \} \cdot \{ {\cal S}_1 \} =0$ since $\{ {\cal S}_1 \}$ is a slider. This gives a unique value of $\lambda$: \[ \lambda = \frac{1}{2} \frac{ \{ {\cal V} \}\cdot \{ {\cal V} \} } { \{ {\cal V} \}\cdot \{ {\cal S}_1 \} } \] This value of $\lambda$ corresponds to unique slider $\{ {\cal W} \}= \{ {\cal S}_2 \}$.